14th International Conference on
Osteoporosis, Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Disorders

Arthritis referred to as join pain or joint diseases. Common arthritis joint symptoms include swelling, pain, stiffness, and decreased range of motion. Severe arthritis can result in chronic pain. The most common types of Arthritis are osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid arthritis. It can be seen mostly in adults over the age of 65, but it can also develop in children, teens, and younger adults depends on the body conditions and the intakes taken.

• Spondylo arthritis
• Acute inflammatory arthritis
• Inflammatory Arthritis
• Septic Arthritis
• Metabolic Arthritis
• Infectious Arthritis
• Herbal and pharmacological treatment of arthritis

Musculoskeletal disorder is a disease or disorder that affects the musculoskeletal system and human body movements. MSD is the abbreviation of Musculoskeletal disorder. Some of musculoskeletal disorders include Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, Tendonitis, Muscle / Tendon strain, Ligament Sprain, Tension Neck Syndrome. Musculoskeletal disorders are preventable. MSDs are most known as repetitive motion injury, repetitive stress injury and overuse injury. The risk factors in MSD risk factors can be divided into two categories: work-related (ergonomic) and individual-related. Work-related risk factors include high task repetition, forceful exertions, repetitive or sustained awkward postures. Individual-related risk factors include poor work practices, poor overall health habits, poor rest and recovery, poor nutrition, fitness and hydration.

• Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
• Epicondylitis
• Digital Neuritis
• Degenerative Disc Disease
• Radial Tunnel Syndrome

Orthopedics is a medical specialty that focuses on the diagnosis, correction, prevention, and treatment of patients with skeletal deformities, disorders of the bones, joints, muscles, ligaments, tendons, nerves and skin. Your body's musculoskeletal system is a complex system of bones, joints, ligaments, tendons, muscles and nerves and allows you to move, work and be active. Once devoted to the care of children with spine and limb deformities. Orthopedics now cares for patients of all ages, from new-borns with clubfeet, to young athletes requiring arthroscopic surgery, to older people with arthritis. The physicians who specialize in this area are called orthopaedic surgeons or orthopaedists. Orthopedics is a specialist in the field of joint and bone problems. To the field of orthopaedic surgeon include congenital anomalies of the musculoskeletal system, such as hip dysplasia, scoliosis (curvature of the spine); fractures of joints and bones (fractures); misalignments of joints and long bones; joint disorders and wear (osteoarthritis).

Orthopedics Surgery is the branch of surgery concerned with conditions involving the musculoskeletal system focuses on patient care in each of these orthopaedic subspecialties adult reconstruction and joint replacement, sports medicine, spine surgery, surgery of the hand and wrist, surgery of the shoulder and elbow, surgery of the foot and ankle, musculoskeletal tumour surgery, orthopaedic trauma Surgery, paediatric orthopaedics, and physical medicine and rehabilitation.

• Hand Surgery
• Shoulder and elbow surgery
• Total joint reconstruction
• Foot and Ankle Surgery
• Bone Grafting
• Fracture Repair
• Kneecap Removal
• Fasciotomy

The division of Paediatric Orthopedics evaluate children with indications including the torment or irritation in joints, muscles or stringy tissue and some present side effects including Pain, shortcoming, rash and fever with other perpetual fiery illnesses and give exhaustive symptomatic administrations to youngsters with rheumatic issue and its related conditions. Adolescent Rheumatic Arthritis (JRA) is the regular reason for Chronic Arthritis in Children however some different ailments in which joint pain is yet one of numerous side effects like dermatomyositis, lupus and vasculitis and so forth. Paediatric Orthopedics area primarily concentrates on adolescents and youngsters who have joint inflammation and some other immune system infections. The exercises of the Division of Paediatric Rheumatology incorporate training of understudies, inhabitants, colleagues, doctors, medical caretakers, and advisors regarding paediatric rheumatic illnesses, and Clinical, translational, and fundamental research with respect to rheumatic ailments. A paediatric rheumatologist works with a paediatrician or family doctor to assess and treat an assortment of joint, muscle, and bone issue.

• Paediatric allergy and immunology
• Paediatric cardiology
• Paediatric critical care
• Neurocritical care
• Paediatric infectious disease
• Paediatric nephrology

Orthopedic trauma is a branch of Orthopedics surgery concentrating in problems related to the bones, joints, and soft tissues (muscles, tendons, ligaments) of the whole-body following trauma. The main goal of this specific area in Orthopedics is the healing of the fractured bones, as well as restoring the anatomic alignment of the joint surfaces to allow on behalf of recovery and return to extreme function of the injured body portion. Our greatly experienced physicians are leaders in extremity and pelvis fracture reconstruction, deformity correction, and bone transplantation. These physicians utilize various leading-edge techniques including minimally invasive surgery and advanced external fixation. The latest in bone graft substitutes and bone-forming proteins are often used to assist in the reconstruction of bones that need not healed.

• Muscle Injuries
• Care of Fractures of the Spine
• Tendon Ruptures and Tears
• Bone Infections

Rheumatology is a branch of medicine devoted to the diagnosis and treatment of rheumatic diseases. It affects your joints tendons, ligaments, bones, and muscles. It is a subspecialty in internal medicine and paediatrics, which is devoted to adequate diagnosis and therapy of rheumatic diseases. It also investigates the stiffness, joint pain, and different issue of the joints, muscles, and tendons. Branches of rheumatology involves basic research and clinical research, as well as clinical diagnosis, treatment, and long-term management of patients with these illnesses. Physicians who have undergone training in rheumatology are called rheumatologists. Rheumatologist is an expert in the field of   nonsurgical treatment of rheumatic illnesses, including autoimmune diseases and especially the many forms of arthritis and joint disease. Rheumatology field is multidisciplinary in nature, which means it relies on close relationships with other medical specialties. Rheumatologists deal mainly with immune-mediated disorders of the musculoskeletal system, soft tissues, autoimmune diseases, and heritable connective tissue disorders.

• Autoimmune Disorders
• Rheumatic Fever
• Complications and Precautions
• Diagnosis and Treatment of Rheumatic Diseases

Arthroplasty is a surgical methodology of Orthopedics for the restoration, resurfacing, realignment and for the reconstruction of the joints. The most common reason behind the arthroplasty is the cause of stiffened joints and to relieve the extreme pains in joints. Arthroplasty are preferred when the medical treatment no longer providing enough relieve from pain and disability. The most common medical treatments carried out before arthroplasty are Pain medicines, Physical therapies, Anti-inflammatory medicines, Corticosteroid injections, Viscosupplementation injections, Exercise and conditioning. Arthroscopy is the minimal invasive surgical process carried in the treatment of joints using an Arthroscope. The injuries caused in the muscular skeletal system leading to the Orthopedics trauma results in the surgery procedure of Arthroplasty and Arthroscope.

• Global Overview and Issues
• Arthroplasty Vs Arthroscopy
• Surgical Procedure
• Instrumental Developments
• Dimensions of Arthroplasty
• Medical laws and Ethics

Osteoarthritis is a most common chronic disorder. A joint is a place where both the bones meet. These bones covered with a protective tissue called cartilage. Osteoarthritis causes the breakage of protective tissue (Cartilage) and makes the bones to rub together causing a pain. Osteoarthritis commonly occurs in old age people but can also occur in adults of any age. Osteoarthritis is also called as degenerative joint disease or degenerative arthritis or wear-and-tear arthritis. Other causes of Osteoarthritis include dislocated joints, ligament injuries, etc. Osteoarthritis can occur in any joints. As a result of Osteoarthritis swelling in the joints and surroundings can also occur. Osteoarthritis also causes decrease in range of motion, joint instability, and increased pain in joints.

• Osteoimmunology
• Natural and herbal remedies of osteoarthritis
• Advance treatment of Osteoarthritis
• Degenerative joint disease
• Recent techniques of Osteoarthritis
• Osteoarthritis Exercise and medications
• Osteoarthritis prognosis and supplements

Rheumatoid Arthritis is a long-term disease that causes pain, stiffness, swelling and limited motion and function of many joints. Rheumatoid Arthritis can affect any joint in our body, the small joints in the hands and feet. Inflammation sometimes can affect organs as well, the eyes or lungs. The stiffness seen in active Rheumatoid Arthritis is mostly worst in the morning. It may remain one to two hours (or even the whole day). Stiffness remain long time in the morning is an indication that you may have Rheumatoid Arthritis. For instance, osteoarthritis often does not cause prolonged morning stiffness.

Other signs and symptoms that can occur in Rheumatoid Arthritis include: Loss of energy, Low fevers, Loss of appetite, Dry eyes, Sjogren's syndrome.

• General principles and management of rheumatoid arthritis
• Seropositive and Seronegative rheumatoid Arthritis
• Etiology and Pathogenesis
• Clinical manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis

Physical therapy and exercise are perhaps the most mainstream of all types of pain and its management. The original nature of bone in people life may affected by the osteoporosis and fractures, to treat osteoporosis and fractures in the people, physiotherapy including manual procedures and exercise mediations are been considered. What's more, these medications are best and financially achievable to the osteoporosis and fractures patients. Physiotherapy is basically the specialty of diagnosing and treating wounds or diseases by using generally physical strategies, for example, rub, warm treatment, mobilisation and so forth. Physiotherapy envelops all territories of the life expectancy from new-born children to the elderly in zones, for instance musculoskeletal, Orthopedics, rheumatology, respiratory, neurology, sports injuries and women's/men's prosperity. Every year 25,000 individuals in the Spain have vertebral breaks identified with their osteoporosis and numerous are alluded for physiotherapy to enable them to recoup after their fracture.

• Rehabilitation
• Movement Therapy
• Yoga and Meditation
• Electrotherapy
• Cold Laser Therapy
• Weight-Bearing Exercise
• Flexibility Exercise
• Postural Exercise
• Acupuncture and Massage Therapy
• Physical therapy   

Exercise and Sports is the field of medicine mainly deals with the injuries of the bones and the muscles or any other injuries to the muscular system in athletes including their prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. This includes the peak performance of the athletes. This filed now a days include many other disciplines such as athletic training, biomechanics, exercise physiology and nutrition. Exercise science deals with the study of movement and associated functional responses and adaptions.

• Exercise physiology and Physical Activity
• Sports Medicine
• Sports Injury Prevention and Management
• Physical medicine and Rehabilitation
• Clinical Sports Medicine
• Sports Biomechanics
• Clinical Sports Nutrition and Protein Supplements

Nutrition is one of the fundamental factors controlling bone growth, development throughout the lifetime. Nutrition and bone, muscle and joint health are firmly related. A healthy diet can help stop and manage osteoporosis and related musculoskeletal disorders by aiding the formation and support of bone. Two of the most imperative supplements are calcium and vitamin D. Calcium is a noteworthy building-square of bone tissue, the skeleton houses 99% of the body's calcium stores. Vitamin D is key at it helps your body to ingest calcium. There are various nutrition’s, supplements and vitamins, other than calcium and vitamin D, that assistance to counteract osteoporosis and add to bone, muscle and joint wellbeing, including protein, foods grown from the ground, and different vitamins and minerals. Late research has discovered that olive oil, soybeans, blueberries and foods wealthy in omega-3s, like angle oil and flaxseed oil may likewise have bone boosting benefits.

• Vitamin D Deficiency
• Vitamin C Deficiency (helps with calcium absorption)
• High-Fat Diet (reduces calcium absorption in the gut)
• Excess Sugar (depletes phosphorus)
• Eating Disorders or Repeated Crash Dieting
• Calcium and Magnesium Deficiency

Hormonal factors considerably determine the pace of bone resorption; lack of oestrogen as a result of menopause will increase bone resorption, also as decreasing the deposition of new bone. Endocrinology is an important aspect of osteoporosis. Calcium metabolism additionally plays a major role in bone turnover, and deficiency of calcium and vitamin d ends up in impaired bone deposition; additionally, the parathyroid glands react to low calcium levels by secreting parathyroid hormone (parathormone, PTH), that will increase bone resorption to make sure ample calcium in the blood.

• Estrogen
• Testosterone
• Parathormone
• Cortisol

Women usually have smaller, thinner bones than men. Estrogen is a hormone which secretes in women that protects bones. Amount of Estrogen secretion decreases when women reach her menopause. This causes bone loss in women which leads to high risk of Osteoporosis in women than men. Osteoporosis mostly affect older women. Central dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is a special type of low radiation X-ray for bones. Our bones have calcium in it. It helps to keep bones healthy and strong. Our body also uses calcium which in turn helps for blood clotting and muscles contraction. If enough calcium is not taken from our food supplements, body will take calcium from our bones which leads to fragile bones and causes Osteoporosis.

• Estrogen Osteoporosis
• Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
• Juvenile Osteoporosis and Types
• Diagnosis and Treatment of Juvenile Osteoporosis

Generally, most of the people are unaware that bone is a metabolically active tissue. Every day-old bone is broken down (bone resorption) and new bone is formed (bone arrangement). Adolescence is an especially essential time for bone health as it is the period to generate the greatest amount of bone and achieve Peak Bone Mass (PBM). People with a low PBM are at higher danger of osteoporosis and fractures later. Insufficient energy intake during adolescence may bring about inability to acquire adequate PBM. Furthermore, energy restriction and/or low energy availability can decrease bone health thus increase the risk of bone injuries.

• Osteopenia
• Kyphosis and Scoliosis
• Oral Bone Loss
• Bone Infections
• Bone Diseases
• Malignancy and the Skeleton
• Biochemical Markers of Bone Turnover
• Bone Marrow Adipogenesis in Osteoporosis
• Cellular, Molecular, and Developmental Biology of Bone
• Osteonecrosis
• Bone Mineral Density

The spine is made up of small bones called vertebrae stacked along with disc one above the other. The spine or the backbone provides the stability to the upper part of the body; it helps the body to be in an upright position. The spine consists of the curves, to absorb the stress form the body movement and gravity. If the curves are exaggerated pronounced problems can occur like back pain, difficulty in breathing, fatigue etc. Spine deformity mainly occurs due to the abnormality in the shape, curvature and in the flexibility of spine.

A Fracture is the detachment of a question or material into at least two pieces under the activity of stress. The crack of a strong ordinarily happens because of the improvement of certain removal irregularity surfaces inside the strong. On the off chance that an uprooting creates opposite to the surface of dislodging, it is known as a typical malleable break or basically a split; if a removal grows digressively to the surface of relocation, it is known as a shear split, slip band, or separation. Crack quality or breaking quality is the anxiety when an example comes up short or cracks. The word break is frequently connected to bones of living animals (i.e. a bone crack), or to crystalline materials, for example, gemstones or metal. Some of the time, singular precious stones break without the structure really isolating into at least two pieces. Contingent upon the substance, a crack decreases quality (most substances) or represses transmission of waves, for example, light (optical gems). A point-by-point comprehension of how break happens in materials might be helped by the investigation of crack mechanics.

• Open fracture
• Closed fracture
• Green stick
• Trauma
• Cardiovascular Adverse Events

A bone tumor is a neoplastic development of tissue in bone. Strange developments found in the bone can be either kind-hearted (noncancerous) or harmful (destructive). Bone tumors might be delegated "essential tumors", which start in bone or from bone-inferred cells and tissues, and "auxiliary tumors" which begin in different destinations and spread (metastasize) to the skeleton. Carcinomas of the prostate, bosoms, lungs, thyroid, and kidneys are the carcinomas that most normally metastasize to bone. Optional harmful bone tumors are evaluated to be 50 to 100 circumstances as regular as essential bone malignancies. The most widely recognized side effect of bone tumors is agony, which will step by step increment after some time. A man may go weeks, months, and infrequently years before looking for help; the agony increments with the development of the tumor. on-hormonal bisphosphonates increment bone quality and are accessible as once seven days solution pills. Metatron otherwise called strontium-89 chloride is an intravenous prescription given to help with the agony and can be given in three-month interims. Non-specific Strontium Chloride Sr-89 Injection UPS, fabricated by Bio-Nucleonics Inc., it is the non-exclusive adaptation of Metastron. Astra zantec is at present under audit with regards to the event in bone malignancy.

• Osteoclastoma
• Primary Malignant Tumors
• Metastasis in Bone
• Fibrous Dysplasia

To diagnose the Osteoporosis and risk of fractures a test is required which is commonly known as bone density scan. This scan is used to measure the Body Mineral Density (BMD). It is performed using a bone densitometry or dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA or DEXA). The DXA machine gives two scores T score and Z score. T score estimates the amount of bone in comparison to normal population and tells us about the risk of fracture. Z score estimates the amount of bone with your gender and age and tells us about the further medical tests to be taken. The other methods used to determine the bone injuries and fractures includes Bone X-ray, CT scan and MRI.

• Bone Quality
• Clinical, Hormonal and Biochemical Evaluation
• Advanced Imaging Assessment of Bone Quality
• Use of Bone Turnover Markers

A proper diet enriched with Calcium, Vitamin D and consuming adequate amount of proteins and minerals helps our system for building a strong and strength bones. These helps in proper bone formation and density. Regular physical exercises decrease the risk of Osteoporosis. Drugs like Biphosphates and calcitonin can be taken to prevent bone loss. Boosting the consumption of Calcium, Vitamin D, Vitamin K and Potassium helps to prevent the Osteoporosis. Less consumption of caffeine can prevent the loss of bone density. Till now there is no cure for Osteoporosis, prevention is the only way to eradicate Osteoporosis.

• Population Based Prevention
• Hormone Replacement Therapy
• Other Bone Specific Therapies
• Physical Exercise
• Advanced Osteoporosis Treatment

Orthopedics therapeutic gadgets are exceptionally effective in re-establishing portability, lessening torment, and enhancing the personal satisfaction for an extensive number of people. More than one million joint inserts are as of now created each year, with a development rate of about 9%. Lifetime and security desires constantly increment, which put ever more tightly prerequisites on the advancement and assembling forms. Both shape and unpleasantness are basic parameters that must be controlled to guarantee appropriate capacity and lifetime of orthopaedic inserts. The outcome is amplified lifetime for a wide assortment of inserts, from hip balls and containers to knees, elbows, and spinal inserts. Joint swap items incorporate gadgets for hip, knee, lower leg, bear, elbow, wrist, and finger arthroplasty methods. Orthopedics restorative gadgets are an awesome development in the field of Orthopedics.

• Arthroplasty Methods
• Orthopedics Restorative Gadgets
• Orthopedics Therapeutic Gadgets
• Incorporate Gadgets