13^th International Conference on
Osteoporosis, Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Disorders

Joint inflammation is a type of joint issue that includes irritation of at least one joints. There are more than 100 distinct types of joint inflammation. The most widely recognized type of joint inflammation is osteoarthritis, degenerative joint ailment, an aftereffect of injury to the joint disease of the joint or age. Different joint inflammation shapes are rheumatoid joint pain, Septic joint inflammation, Adolescent Idiopathic joint pain. Osteoarthritis harms ligament, the cushiony material on the finish of the bones. As it wears out, joints hurt, and it ends up plainly hard moving. It often influences the knees, hips; bring down back, neck, fingers and feet. In osteoarthritis, the ligament in the knee joint bit by bit wears away, it ends up noticeably frayed and harsh and the defensive space between the bones diminishes. This can bring about bone rubbing on bone and deliver excruciating bone goads. While it can happen even in youngsters, the odds of creating osteoarthritis ascend after age 45. As indicated by the Joint inflammation Establishment, more than 27 million individuals in the U.S. have osteoarthritis, with the knee being a standout among the most usually influenced zones. Ladies will probably have osteoarthritis then men. Adolescent idiopathic joint inflammation, the most well-known joint pain in adolescence, causes agony, swelling and loss of joint capacities and might be joined by fever and rashes. The essential objectives of treating osteoarthritis of the knee are to soothe the agony and return versatility. The treatment design will regularly incorporate a blend of weight reduction, work out, torment relievers and calming drugs, infusion of corticosteroid into the knee, utilizing gadgets as props and surgery.

• Osteoarthritis
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Fibromyalgia
• Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
• CNS

Musculoskeletal disorder is a disease or disorder that affects the musculoskeletal system and human body movements. MSD is the abbreviation of Musculoskeletal disorder. Some of musculoskeletal disorders include Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, Tendonitis, Muscle / Tendon strain, Ligament Sprain, Tension Neck Syndrome. Musculoskeletal disorders are preventable. MSDs are most commonly known as repetitive motion injury, repetitive stress injury and overuse injury. The risk factors in MSD risk factors can be divided into two categories: work-related (ergonomic) and individual-related. Work-related risk factors include high task repetition, forceful exertions, repetitive or sustained awkward postures. Individual-related risk factors include poor work practices, poor overall health habits, poor rest and recovery, poor nutrition, fitness and hydration.

• Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
• Epicondylitis
• Digital Neuritis
• Degenerative Disc Disease
• Radial Tunnel Syndrome

Orthopedics is a medical specialty that focuses on the diagnosis, correction, prevention, and treatment of patients with skeletal deformities, disorders of the bones, joints, muscles, ligaments, tendons, nerves and skin. Your body's musculoskeletal system is a complex system of bones, joints, ligaments, tendons, muscles and nerves and allows you to move, work and be active. Once devoted to the care of children with spine and limb deformities. Orthopedics now cares for patients of all ages, from new-borns with clubfeet, to young athletes requiring arthroscopic surgery, to older people with arthritis. The physicians who specialize in this area are called orthopaedic surgeons or orthopaedists. Orthopedics is a specialist in the field of joint and bone problems. To the field of orthopaedic surgeon include congenital anomalies of the musculoskeletal system, such as hip dysplasia, scoliosis (curvature of the spine); fractures of joints and bones (fractures); misalignments of joints and long bones; joint disorders and wear (osteoarthritis).

Orthopedics Surgery is the branch of surgery concerned with conditions involving the musculoskeletal system focuses on patient care in each of these orthopaedic subspecialties adult reconstruction and joint replacement, sports medicine, spine surgery, surgery of the hand and wrist, surgery of the shoulder and elbow, surgery of the foot and ankle, musculoskeletal tumour surgery, orthopaedic trauma Surgery, paediatric orthopaedics, and physical medicine and rehabilitation.

• Hand Surgery
• Shoulder and elbow surgery
• Total joint reconstruction
• Foot and Ankle Surgery
• Bone Grafting
• Fracture Repair
• Kneecap Removal
• Fasciotomy

The division of Paediatric Orthopedics evaluate children with indications including the torment or irritation in joints, muscles or stringy tissue and some present side effects including Pain, shortcoming, rash and fever with other perpetual fiery illnesses and give exhaustive symptomatic administrations to youngsters with rheumatic issue and its related conditions. Adolescent Rheumatic Arthritis (JRA) is the regular reason for Chronic Arthritis in Children however some different ailments in which joint pain is yet one of numerous side effects like dermatomyositis, lupus and vasculitis and so forth. Paediatric Orthopedics area primarily concentrates on adolescents and youngsters who have joint inflammation and some other immune system infections. The exercises of the Division of Paediatric Rheumatology incorporate training of understudies, inhabitants, colleagues, doctors, medical caretakers, and advisors regarding paediatric rheumatic illnesses, and Clinical, translational, and fundamental research with respect to rheumatic ailments. A paediatric rheumatologist works with a paediatrician or family doctor to assess and treat an assortment of joint, muscle, and bone issue.

• Paediatric allergy and immunology
• Paediatric cardiology
• Paediatric critical care
• Neurocritical care
• Paediatric infectious disease
• Paediatric nephrology

Orthopedic trauma is a branch of Orthopedics surgery concentrating in problems related to the bones, joints, and soft tissues (muscles, tendons, ligaments) of the whole-body following trauma. The main goal of this specific area in Orthopedics is the healing of the fractured bones, as well as restoring the anatomic alignment of the joint surfaces to allow on behalf of recovery and return to extreme function of the injured body portion. Our greatly experienced physicians are leaders in extremity and pelvis fracture reconstruction, deformity correction, and bone transplantation. These physicians utilize various leading-edge techniques including minimally invasive surgery and advanced external fixation. The latest in bone graft substitutes and bone-forming proteins are often used to assist in the reconstruction of bones that need not healed.

• Muscle Injuries
• Care of Fractures of the Spine
• Tendon Ruptures and Tears
• Bone Infections

Physical therapy and exercise are perhaps the most mainstream of all types of pain and its management. The original nature of bone in people life may affected by the osteoporosis and fractures, to treat osteoporosis and fractures in the people, physiotherapy including manual procedures and exercise mediations are been considered. What's more, these medications are best and financially achievable to the osteoporosis and fractures patients. Physiotherapy is basically the specialty of diagnosing and treating wounds or diseases by using generally physical strategies, for example, rub, warm treatment, mobilisation and so forth. Physiotherapy envelops all territories of the life expectancy from new-born children to the elderly in zones, for instance musculoskeletal, Orthopedics, rheumatology, respiratory, neurology, sports injuries and women's/men's prosperity. Every year 25,000 individuals in the Spain have vertebral breaks identified with their osteoporosis and numerous are alluded for physiotherapy to enable them to recoup after their fracture.

• Rehabilitation
• Movement Therapy
• Yoga and Meditation
• Electrotherapy
• Cold Laser Therapy
• Weight-Bearing Exercise
• Flexibility Exercise
• Postural Exercise
• Acupuncture and Massage Therapy
• Physical therapy   

Exercise and Sports is the field of medicine mainly deals with the injuries of the bones and the muscles or any other injuries to the muscular system in athletes including their prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. This includes the peak performance of the athletes. This filed now a days include many other disciplines such as athletic training, biomechanics, exercise physiology and nutrition. Exercise science deals with the study of movement and associated functional responses and adaptions.

• Exercise physiology and Physical Activity
• Sports Medicine
• Sports Injury Prevention and Management
• Physical medicine and Rehabilitation
• Clinical Sports Medicine
• Sports Biomechanics
• Clinical Sports Nutrition and Protein Supplements

Rheumatology represents a sub-division of the field internal medicine and paediatrics, which is devoted to diagnosis and therapy of rheumatic diseases including some clinical problems in joints, connective tissue disorders soft tissues and autoimmune diseases) like Rheumatoid Arthritis, Soft Tissue Rheumatism, fibromyalgia etc. Rheumatology is multidisciplinary in nature and it relies on close relationships with other medical specialities. In recent time speciality of rheumatology has gain advances in terms of the development of biological drugs with novel targets, advancement in the basic science of musculoskeletal diseases and improving imaging techniques. Physicians who specialize in rheumatology are called rheumatologists.

• Juvenile idiopathic arthritis
• Polymyalgia rheumatica
• Scleroderma
• Infectious arthritis
• Fibromyalgia
• Rheumatology women
• Paediatric Rheumatology
• Trauma Surgery

Arthroplasty is a surgical methodology of Orthopedics for the restoration, resurfacing, realignment and for the reconstruction of the joints. The most common reason behind the arthroplasty is the cause of stiffened joints and to relieve the extreme pains in joints. Arthroplasty are preferred when the medical treatment no longer providing enough relieve from pain and disability. The most common medical treatments carried out before arthroplasty are Pain medicines, Physical therapies, Anti-inflammatory medicines, Corticosteroid injections, Viscosupplementation injections, Exercise and conditioning. Arthroscopy is the minimal invasive surgical process carried in the treatment of joints using an Arthroscope. The injuries caused in the muscular skeletal system leading to the Orthopedics trauma results in the surgery procedure of Arthroplasty and Arthroscope.

• Global Overview and Issues
• Arthroplasty Vs Arthroscopy
• Surgical Procedure
• Instrumental Developments
• Dimensions of Arthroplasty
• Medical laws and Ethics

Hormonal factors considerably determine the pace of bone resorption; lack of oestrogen as a result of menopause will increase bone resorption, also as decreasing the deposition of new bone. Endocrinology is an important aspect of osteoporosis. Calcium metabolism additionally plays a major role in bone turnover, and deficiency of calcium and vitamin d ends up in impaired bone deposition; additionally, the parathyroid glands react to low calcium levels by secreting parathyroid hormone (parathormone, PTH), that will increase bone resorption to make sure ample calcium in the blood.

• Estrogen
• Testosterone
• Parathormone
• Cortisol

Nutrition is one of the fundamental factors controlling bone growth, development throughout the lifetime. Nutrition and bone, muscle and joint health are firmly related. A healthy diet can help stop and manage osteoporosis and related musculoskeletal disorders by aiding the formation and support of bone. Two of the most imperative supplements are calcium and vitamin D. Calcium is a noteworthy building-square of bone tissue, the skeleton houses 99% of the body's calcium stores. Vitamin D is key at it helps your body to ingest calcium. There are various nutrition’s, supplements and vitamins, other than calcium and vitamin D, that assistance to counteract osteoporosis and add to bone, muscle and joint wellbeing, including protein, foods grown from the ground, and different vitamins and minerals. Late research has discovered that olive oil, soybeans, blueberries and foods wealthy in omega-3s, like angle oil and flaxseed oil may likewise have bone boosting benefits.

• Vitamin D Deficiency
• Vitamin C Deficiency (helps with calcium absorption)
• High-Fat Diet (reduces calcium absorption in the gut)
• Excess Sugar (depletes phosphorus)
• Eating Disorders or Repeated Crash Dieting
• Calcium and Magnesium Deficiency

Women usually have smaller, thinner bones than men. Estrogen is a hormone which secretes in women that protects bones. Amount of Estrogen secretion decreases when women reaches her menopause. This causes bone loss in women which leads to high risk of Osteoporosis in women than men. Osteoporosis mostly affect older women. Central dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is a special type of low radiation X-ray for bones. Our bones have calcium in it. It helps to keep bones healthy and strong. Our body also uses calcium which in turn helps for blood clotting and muscles contraction. If enough calcium is not taken from our food supplements, body will take calcium from our bones which leads to fragile bones and causes Osteoporosis.

• Estrogen Osteoporosis
• Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
• Juvenile Osteoporosis and Types
• Diagnosis and Treatment of Juvenile Osteoporosis

Generally, most of the people are unaware that bone is a metabolically active tissue. Every day-old bone is broken down (bone resorption) and new bone is formed (bone arrangement). Adolescence is an especially essential time for bone health as it is the period to generate the greatest amount of bone and achieve Peak Bone Mass (PBM). People with a low PBM are at higher danger of osteoporosis and fractures later. Insufficient energy intake during adolescence may bring about inability to acquire adequate PBM. Furthermore, energy restriction and/or low energy availability can decrease bone health thus increase the risk of bone injuries.

• Osteopenia
• Kyphosis and Scoliosis
• Oral Bone Loss
• Bone Infections
• Bone Diseases
• Malignancy and the Skeleton
• Biochemical Markers of Bone Turnover
• Bone Marrow Adipogenesis in Osteoporosis
• Cellular, Molecular, and Developmental Biology of Bone
• Osteonecrosis
• Bone Mineral Density

Fracture is a break in a bone. It can go from a thin split to an entire break. Bone can crack transversely, longwise, in a few spots, or into many pieces. Most breaks happen when a bone is affected by more drive or weight than it can bolster. A break can be produced when bone is affected by more noteworthy weight or drive than it can bolster.

• Open fracture
• Closed fracture
• Green stick
• Trauma
• Cardiovascular Adverse Events

Foot and Ankle is comparably known as Podiatry, which alludes to a gathering of Fluid in these parts of the body. The development of liquid for the most part isn't excruciating, unless it's because of damage. Swelling is regularly other obvious in the lower zones of the body in view of gravity. There are numerous potential reasons for foot and lower leg swelling. As a rule, swelling happens because of distinct way of life factors, for example, Being overweight: Excess weight can diminish blood flow, making liquid develop in the feet, legs, and lower legs. Standing or sitting for long stretches: When the muscles are dormant, they can't pump body liquids move down toward the heart. The maintenance of water and blood can cause swelling in the legs.

Bone cancer may be a malignant (cancerous) tumour of the bone that destroys traditional bone tissue. Not all bone tumors area unit malignant. In fact, benign (noncancerous) bone tumors area unit a lot of common than malignant ones each malignant and benign bone tumors might grow and compress healthy bone tissue, however benign tumors don't unfold, don't destroy bone tissue, and area unit seldom a threat to life.

Malignant tumors that begin in bone tissue area unit known as primary bone cancer. Cancer that metastasizes (spreads) to the bones from alternative elements of the body, admire the breast, lung, or prostate, is named pathological process cancer, and is known as for the organ or tissue within which it began. Primary bone cancer is much less common than cancer that spreads to the bones.

• Osteosarcoma
• Chondrosarcoma
• Ewing Sarcoma
• Causes
• Therapy

To diagnose the Osteoporosis and risk of fractures a test is required which is commonly known as bone density scan. This scan is used to measure the Body Mineral Density (BMD). It is performed using a bone densitometry or dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA or DEXA). The DXA machine gives two scores T score and Z score. T score estimates the amount of bone in comparison to normal population and tells us about the risk of fracture. Z score estimates the amount of bone with your gender and age and tells us about the further medical tests to be taken. The other methods used to determine the bone injuries and fractures includes Bone X-ray, CT scan and MRI.

• Bone Quality
• Clinical, Hormonal and Biochemical Evaluation
• Advanced Imaging Assessment of Bone Quality
• Use of Bone Turnover Markers

Based on the symptoms and severity diagnosis of musculoskeletal disorder can be done, however, in certain cases it is difficult to differentiate. The most common tool for diagnosis of most of the musculoskeletal disorders is the x-ray as in case of osteoarthritis. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan (DXA) can be used for the diagnosis of osteoporosis. Other diagnosis tools include MRI, Ultrasound and certain tests like blood tests and urine tests.  Rheumatoid arthritis is diagnosed by an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate or C-reactive protein, which may indicate the presence of an inflammatory process in the body. Other common blood tests look for rheumatoid factor and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies. Chemical biomarkers are very useful tools in detecting bone degradation.

• Diagnostic Radiology
• Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry
• MRI
• Ultrasound scanning
• Latest Diagnostic Tools

A proper diet enriched with Calcium, Vitamin D and consuming adequate amount of proteins and minerals helps our system for building a strong and strength bones. These helps in proper bone formation and density. Regular physical exercises decrease the risk of Osteoporosis. Drugs like Biphosphates and calcitonin can be taken to prevent bone loss. Boosting the consumption of Calcium, Vitamin D, Vitamin K and Potassium helps to prevent the Osteoporosis. Less consumption of caffeine can prevent the loss of bone density. Till now there is no cure for Osteoporosis, prevention is the only way to eradicate Osteoporosis.

• Population Based Prevention
• Hormone Replacement Therapy
• Other Bone Specific Therapies
• Physical Exercise
• Advanced Osteoporosis Treatment